Feeding Large Breed Puppies
Hip dysplasia is the disorder of large breed dogs that people are the most familiar however, there are several other disorders to be concerned with. Along with hip dysplasia there is elbow dysplasia and OCD (osteochondritis dessicans). OCD is the erosion of cartilage, most commonly found in the shoulder joint. No one thing contributes to the development of these disorders but we now know that nutrition, biomechanics and genetics all play a role. There are several important things to consider if you have a growing large breed puppy. All dogs who will reach over 50 pounds at adult weight are considered large breed dogs.
- Large breed dogs have less dense bones than smaller dogs and the joint surfaces are weaker as well. As a result, large breed puppies are much more vulnerable to biomechanical stress on their bones and joints.
- Large breed dogs have their most rapid period of growth between 3 and 8 months. Appropriate nutrition is particularly critical during this time period. In the past, it was thought that high protein diets contributed to hip dysplasia. As a result, many vets and breeders recommended putting large breed puppies on adult or other lower protein diets. We now know that it is not the protein but the excess calories that contributes to rapid growth. Keeping growth rate slow is critical to helping to prevent hip dysplasia. Excess calories is referred to as “over nutrition”.
- Puppies that get excess calories either get fat or reach their mature rate quicker. This puts too much stress on already fragile bones and joints. Large breed dogs that are supporting a heavier body mass on weaker bones are at greater risk for developmental disorders.
- Excess Calcium intake affects cartilage formation. Puppies fed a higher level of calcium are at greater risk for bone diseases.
Our Recommendations
- If at all possible, ensure that both parents are clear for genetic skeletal disorders. Unfortunately clear parents do not guarantee that your dog will not develop a disorder such as hip dysplasia.
- Choose a diet that is specifically designed for large breed puppies. We recommend the Medi-cal Developmental formula for the first 4-6 months and then Adolescent Formula for the next 8-12 months. This diet had balanced Calcium/Phosphorus levels and ratio, appropriate levels of good quality protein without excessive calories.
- Meal feed all large breed dogs. In studies, puppies that were fed free choice took in more calories. The extra intake of calories results in “over nutrition”.
- Ensure that your puppy remains slender/normal weight. Weigh and monitor body condition on a weekly basis. Ribs should be felt but not seen and there should be a slight “hourglass” figure or “tuck up” behind the ribs.
- Give 3-4 meals per day until 6 months of age and after 6 months, 2-3 meals per day are recommended.
- Feed your puppy in a quiet place.
- Avoid feeding just prior to or after exercise.
- Use healthy treats - Watch the calorie count.
- Do not give supplements of any kind. Premium puppy foods are balanced and supplements added can create inappropriate ratios of vitamins and minerals.
- Regular, moderate exercise (puppy play, scheduled walks and swimming). Do not over exercise the puppy. No extensive jumping or jogging/running) before 1 year of age.
Back To Articles